Number machines II

This task is about finding the rules for some number machines.
This is a number machine. It makes the same change to every number.
 


     
 

What changes do these number machines make?

Fill in the box on each machine with an operation sign (+, ×, ÷, or -), and a number.
 

a)

     
 

b)

     
 

c)

     
 

d)