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Finding the rule for the pattern

This task is about writing rules for spatial patterns.

a)
a)	Shape 1	Shape 2	Shape 3	Shape 4

	The number of dots in each shape follows the pattern: 4, 8, 12, 16, . . . Complete this equation to describe the number of dots in this pattern:
	d_n = __________________	d_n is the number of dots in shape n, n is the shape number.

b)
b)	Shape 1	Shape 2	Shape 3	Shape 4

	The number of straight lines in each shape follows the pattern: 4, 7, 10, 13, . . . Complete this equation to describe the number of straight lines in this pattern:
	l_n = __________________	l_n is the number of straight lines in shape n, n is the shape number.

c)
c)	Shape 1	Shape 2	Shape 3	Shape 4

	The number of crosses in each shape follows the pattern: 4, 6, 8, 10, . . . Complete this equation to describe the number of crosses in the pattern:
	s_n = __________________	s_n is the number of crosses in shape n, n is the shape number.