Kahili ginger (wild ginger)

Kahili ginger (wild ginger)

Pencil and paperOnline interactive
Overview
Using this Resource
Connecting to the Curriculum
Marking Student Responses
Working with Students
Further Resources
This task is about how features help a plant survive and why it is a pest plant.

Wild ginger is a plant that is threatening our native bush. It is an introduced plant that is grown in some home gardens. It has colourful strongly perfumed flowers that produce up to 100 seeds per flower head. The seeds are dispersed by birds. Wild ginger grows in the shade or sun and spreads very quickly creating a dense mat of plants. It has long horizontal underground stems, called rhizomes, which can produce new plants.  

Question 2Change answer

a)  Fill in the chart below to explain how each special feature helps the wild ginger survive.
Special feature How the feature helps the wild ginger survive
Lots of seeds
Rhizomes that can form new plants
Grows quickly
Grows in sun or shade

Question 2Change answer

b)  Plants can be dug out but the total root system must be removed. Even small bits of root left in the soil will re-grow.
 
     i)  The Department of Conservation says that stalks and roots are hard to burn and should not be composted.
          They suggest they should be taken to the Council tip or put out with household rubbish for collection.
          Explain why this is important.

Question 2Change answer

     ii) If you see wild ginger on empty land or in a bush reserve you should remove and destroy the flowers and young plants.
         You should also tell the Council where the plants were found.
         Explain why the council wants you to destroy the flowers.
Task administration: 
This task can be completed by pencil and paper or online.
Level:
4
Description of task: 
Task: Students read a short written text to explain how the special features of wild ginger help it survive. Assessment focus: explanation of wild ginger's special features and why it is a pest plant.
Curriculum Links: 
Science capabilities
The capabilities focus is brought about by the conversations you have and the questions you ask.
 
Capability: Engage with science
This resource provides opportunities to discuss taking action that is appropriate.
 
 
Capabilitiy: Use evidence
This resource provides opportunities to discuss using evidence to make an inference.
 
Science capabilities: 
Making Better Sense: 
Answers/responses: 
  Y8 (08/2006)
a) Lots of seeds
E.g., Good chance some seeds will germinate/ lots of seedlings will be produced
Rhizomes that can form new plants
E.g., Can spread quickly/ another way of reproducing
Grows quickly
E.g., Smothers other plants/ reduces competition/ makes it hard to control
Grows in sun or shade
E.g., Good chance of surviving in different conditions

easy

moderate

moderate

easy

b) i.  Because new plants can grow from these
ii. To stop seed formation or dispersal/ to stop it spreading/ to protect the environment
easy
easy
 
Based on a representative sample of 109 Year 8 students.
Diagnostic and formative information: 
a)
Students who had difficulty explaining how the special features of wild ginger helped it survive tended to simply repeat either the information about the special feature, or parts of the text, as the explanation. In the case of the rhizomes we accepted answers that referred to reproduction as correct, even though many of these answers were simply repetition of information given. The reasoning behind this was the unfamiliarity of rhizomes at this level.
Two misconceptions about rhizomes were identified. Some students thought they served the same function as roots and gave the plant an advantage because they could reach water that was a long way away. Others thought the rhizomes allowed the ginger to strangle the roots of native plants.

Many students said the feature "grows quickly" helped wild ginger because this also meant it matured quickly and therefore produced seeds quickly. This was counted as a correct response because it seemed to indicate logical thinking in a context where students would have little background information.

 
b) i) Several students in the trial suggested that wild ginger should not be burnt because it would cause smoke pollution rather than identifying this was an inefficient way of getting rid of the plants.
  ii) 24% of students mentioned it was important to destroy flowers because these turned into seeds, 18% said it was important to destroy flowers because this would stop growth and 35% gave a more general reason that mentioned saving native plants or protecting the environment. (These were all considered correct responses).
Next steps: 
Retrieving information
The Assessment Resource Banks contain 3 items which all require students to use information provided about a plant pest to explain how the plant's special features help it survive.

Both Kahili ginger and Old man's beard require responses to be recorded in tables. Kahili ginger provides the highest level of support. Teachers may choose to adapt the tables in the resources, by using changing assessment resource (see Change a resource) to make them more appropriate to the needs of students in their classes.
These resources could be used together to compare different ways of presenting information. This would be one way of providing experiences to support the Communicating in science aim of the draft curriculum. 
 
Special adaptations
The resources could be used together to identify similarities in the special features of the different pest plants. All these plants have highly developed adaptations to ensure survival. Their ability to thrive puts other species at risk and this is why they are considered pests. Information on other pest plants is readily available on the websites listed below. Note: These pest plants are all introduced plants.
In order to understand how the plants' special features help them to survive, students will need to understand the basic structure and function of various parts of a plant.
 
Interdependence
Students could also explore ideas about interdependence and how changes in any element of the environment may affect the relationships between living things and lessen the chances of some species surviving.

The following websites give information about pest plants:

 
Ministry of Education (2002). Building Science Concepts Book 26, Making new plants. Wellington: Learning Media. This BSC booklet has useful background information and activities to develop ideas about the relationship between structure and function in plants.